南開科技大學圖書館 |

回首頁

The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : 單行本
正題名/作者:	The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception./
作者:	Ballou, McKenzie Ryan.
面頁冊數:	231 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-07, Section: B, page: 4503.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International70-07B.
標題:	Gerontology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3365099
ISBN:	9781109253955

The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception.
Ballou, McKenzie Ryan.

The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception. - 231 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-07, Section: B, page: 4503.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2009.

The current set of four experiments investigated the contributions of age-related inhibitory deficits (Hasher and Zacks, 1988) and general slowing (Myerson & Hale, 1993, Salthouse, 1985) to the impaired spoken word perception of older adults. Experiments 1 and 2 examined age differences in the relative influence of several lexical variables on word and nonword perception. The effects of these variables are thought to reflect either primarily facilitative or primarily inhibitory processes. If age-related impairments in inhibitory abilities contribute to poorer speech perception in older adults, then variables that reflect inhibitory processes should be more predictive of older compared to younger adult performance. Alternatively, if all processing is slowed uniformly, as suggested by general slowing, the relative contributions of these variables to task performance should remain constant across age groups. The results failed to demonstrate age differences in the relative contributions of the lexical variables to word and nonword perception, suggesting a role for general slowing but not for inhibitory deficits. Experiments 3 and 4 explored age differences in a form-based, inhibitory priming effect with word and nonword stimuli. In these tasks, participants shadowed targets following the presentation of phonetically similar or dissimilar primes, at varying ISIs. Previous research has indicated that target words following phonetically similar primes are shadowed more slowly than when followed by dissimilar primes (Luce et al, 2000). In the context of the PARSYN model of speech perception (Luce et al., 2000), this inhibitory effect is accounted for as the result of increased inhibition on the target, by the prime, as a function of increasing phonetic similarity. If inhibitory function is impaired in older adults, the magnitude of their priming effect should be reduced compared to younger adults. However, if aging generally slows cognitive function, older adults' priming effect should occur at a later ISI compared to younger adults. The results of Experiment 3 failed to demonstrate a conclusive pattern. However, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that older adults' inhibitory priming effect occurred at a later ISI than younger adults. Overall, the results are consistent with a general slowing account of cognitive aging in speech perception.

ISBN: 9781109253955Subjects--Topical Terms:

168436
Gerontology.

The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception.
LDR:03369nmm 2200289 4500 001 1000005581
005 20110119101649.5
008 110119s2009 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781109253955
035 $a (UMI)AAI3365099
035 $a AAI3365099
040 $a UMI $c UMI{me_controlnum}
100 1 $a Ballou, McKenzie Ryan. $3 1000007017
245 1 4 $a The influences of age-related declines in processing speed and inhibition on the fundamental mechanisms of speech perception.
300 $a 231 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-07, Section: B, page: 4503.
500 $a Adviser: Mitchell Sommers.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2009.
520 $a The current set of four experiments investigated the contributions of age-related inhibitory deficits (Hasher and Zacks, 1988) and general slowing (Myerson & Hale, 1993, Salthouse, 1985) to the impaired spoken word perception of older adults. Experiments 1 and 2 examined age differences in the relative influence of several lexical variables on word and nonword perception. The effects of these variables are thought to reflect either primarily facilitative or primarily inhibitory processes. If age-related impairments in inhibitory abilities contribute to poorer speech perception in older adults, then variables that reflect inhibitory processes should be more predictive of older compared to younger adult performance. Alternatively, if all processing is slowed uniformly, as suggested by general slowing, the relative contributions of these variables to task performance should remain constant across age groups. The results failed to demonstrate age differences in the relative contributions of the lexical variables to word and nonword perception, suggesting a role for general slowing but not for inhibitory deficits. Experiments 3 and 4 explored age differences in a form-based, inhibitory priming effect with word and nonword stimuli. In these tasks, participants shadowed targets following the presentation of phonetically similar or dissimilar primes, at varying ISIs. Previous research has indicated that target words following phonetically similar primes are shadowed more slowly than when followed by dissimilar primes (Luce et al, 2000). In the context of the PARSYN model of speech perception (Luce et al., 2000), this inhibitory effect is accounted for as the result of increased inhibition on the target, by the prime, as a function of increasing phonetic similarity. If inhibitory function is impaired in older adults, the magnitude of their priming effect should be reduced compared to younger adults. However, if aging generally slows cognitive function, older adults' priming effect should occur at a later ISI compared to younger adults. The results of Experiment 3 failed to demonstrate a conclusive pattern. However, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that older adults' inhibitory priming effect occurred at a later ISI than younger adults. Overall, the results are consistent with a general slowing account of cognitive aging in speech perception.
590 $a School code: 0252.
650 4 $a Gerontology. $3 168436
650 4 $a Psychology, Developmental. $3 1000005736
650 4 $a Psychology, Cognitive. $3 1000005612
690 $a 0351
690 $a 0620
690 $a 0633
710 2 $a Washington University in St. Louis. $3 1000006660
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 70-07B.
790 1 0 $a Sommers, Mitchell, $e advisor
790 $a 0252
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2009
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3365099